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Hawking taking a zero-gravity flight in a vomit comit
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Hawking’s turns
73 defying the odds of medicine
Defying the odds of medicine, Stephen Hawking, widely regarded
as one of the most brilliant theoretical physicists celebrate his 73rd birthday
today.
The Lucasian professor of mathematics and theoretical physics
at the University of Cambridge has 12 honorary degrees. But aside
from his academic achievements, the professor is also something of a
medical marvel.
He has long defied baffled medical experts who predicted
he had just months to live in 1963 when he was diagnosed with Motor
Neuron Disease (MND) a deadly disease. Only five percent of people with
the form of MND that he has a condition called MND disease survived for more than a decade after
diagnosis. The fact that Hawking, Britain’s most celebrated physicist, has
lived for nearly half a century with a condition that attacks the nerves
serving the muscles of the body has been described as remarkable.
“I have been lucky, that my condition has progressed more
slowly than is often the case. But it shows that one need not lose hope,”
Hawking says.
“I am quite often asked: How do you feel about having MND?”
“The answer is, not a lot. I try to lead as normal a life as
possible, and not think about my condition, or regret the things it
prevents me from doing, which are not that many,” the BBC quoted him as saying.
The Daily Star
During a visit to Europe in the mid-1985, Hawking contracted
pneumonia which in his condition was life-threatening; He was so
ill that Jane was asked if life support should be terminated. She
refused but the consequence has remained tracheotomy,
which would require round-the-clock nursing care, and remove what
remained of his speech. Nurses were hired for the three shifts required
to provide the round-the-clock support he required. One of those nurses was
Elaine Mason, Who was to become Hawking’s second wife. For his communication,
Hawking initially raised his eyebrows to choose letters on a spelling
card. But he then received a computer program called the “Equalizer”. In a method,
he uses to this day. Using a switch he selects phrases, words or letters
from a bank of about 2500-3000 that are scanned. The program was originally run
on a desktop computer. However, Elaine Mason’s husband, David, a computer
engineer, adapted a small computer and attached it to his wheelchair.
Released from the need to use somebody to interpret his speech, Hawking commented
that “I can communicate better now than before, I lost my voice”. The voice he
uses has a USA accent and is no longer produced. Despite the
availability of other voices, Hawking has retained his original voice, saying
that he prefers his current voice and identifies with it. At this point,
Hawking activated a switch using his hand and could produce up to 15 words a
minute. Lectures were prepared in advance and were sent to the speech synthesizer
(keyboard) in short sections to be delivered.
Wikipedia
With regards to his physical health, he remains optimistic.
“The human race is so puny compared to the universe that being disabled is not of much cosmic significance.”
“I’m the archetype of a disabled genius, or should I say a physically challenged genius, to be politically correct. At least I’m obviously physically challenged. Whether I’m a genius is more open to doubt.”
This Content Related Necessary Vocabulary Notes
Algorithm / ˈælgərɪðəm / (ˈএ্যাল্গআরিদআম) n [a
set of rules that must be followed when solving a particular problem] (কিছু আইন যার নিয়ম মানা আবশ্যক):
Turn / tɜːrn / (টার্ন্) v [to
reach or pass a particular age or time] (<বয়স
ইত্যাদি> পেরানো; উত্তীর্ণ হওয়া):
He has turned fifty. It is turned to midnight. Raja turns 22 in July.
Defy / dɪˈfaɪ / (ডিˈফাই)
v [to refuse to obey or show respect for sb in
authority, a law, a rule, etc] (উপেক্ষা/
অমান্য করা; পরোয়া/ গ্রাহ্য না করা):
It was foolish of you to defy the law.
Odd / ɑːd / (অড্) adj [happening
or appearing occasionally; not very regular or frequent] (বাধা
বা নিয়মিত নয় এমন): She has
made the odd mistake – nothing too serious. He supports himself by doing odd jobs.
Widely / ˈwaɪdli / (ˈউআইড্লি) adv [by
a lot of people] (বহুলাংশে;
ব্যাপক মাত্রায়): The idea
is now widely accepted. His books are widely read (=a lot of people read them).
Regard / rɪˈgɑːrd / (রিˈগার্ড্) v 1. [to
think about sb/sth in a particular way] (গভীরভাবে
নিরীক্ষণ করা)
2. Regard as (বিবেচনা/গ্ণ্য করা): Capital punishment was regarded as inhuman and immoral. He was widely regarded as the current leader’s natural successor.
<SYN> Consider
2. Regard as (বিবেচনা/গ্ণ্য করা): Capital punishment was regarded as inhuman and immoral. He was widely regarded as the current leader’s natural successor.
<SYN> Consider
Theoretical /
ˈθiːəˈretɪkl
/ (ˌথীআˈরেটিকল) adj [based
on the ideas that relate to a subject, not the practical uses of that subject](< বাস্তবিক বা অভিজ্ঞতা ভিত্তিকনয়>তাত্ত্বিক): theoretical physics
<ANT > Practical
Physicist / ˈfɪzɪsɪst
/ (ˈফিজিছিস্ট্) n [a scientist who studies physics] (পদার্থবিদ): a nuclear physicist
Celebrate /
ˈselɪbreɪt
/ (ˈছেলিব্রেইট) v [to
show that a day or an event is important by doing sth special on it] ( উদ্যাপন করা):
They celebrated their 30th wedding anniversary in Rangpur.
<ADJ> Celebrated / ˈselɪbreɪtɪd / (ˈছেলিব্রেইটিড্) adj [famous
for having good qualities] (রূপে,গুণে
প্রসিদ্ধ): a celebrated
politician
<NOUN> Celebrity / səˈlebrətɪ / (ছেˈলেব্রইটি) n [a
famous person] (প্রসিদ্ধ
ব্যক্তি): TV celebrities
Honorary / ˈɑːnəreri / (ˈআনআরেরি) adj [<of
a university degree, a rank, etc.>given honor to someone who has not finished
a course of study] (অবৈতনিক;
সম্মানজনক): He received
an honorary degree/doctorate from Oxford.
Aside from
[=except for] pre
(বাদেও; এছাড়াও):
Money continues to be a problem but aside from that, we are all well. I hardly
watch any TV, aside from news and current affairs.
Achievement / əˈtʃiːvmənt / (এচীভ্মএন্ট্) n [a thing that sb has done successfully, especially using their own effort(এফঅরর্ট) and skill] (কৃতিত্ব): It was a remarkable achievement for
such a young player
Marvel / ˈmɑːrvl / (ˈমাঃর্ভ্ল্) v [a wonderful and surprising person or thing] (বিস্ময়): I often marvel that humans can
treat each other so badly.
Baffle / ˈbæfl / (ˈব্যাফ্ল্ ) v [to confuse sb completely; to be too
difficult or strange for sb to understand or explain]
(হতবুদ্ধি করা; ধাঁধায় ফেলা): Her behavior baffles me. I am
baffled why he has not come.
Predict / prɪˈdɪkt / (প্রিˈডিক্ট্) v [to
say sth will happen in the future] (ভবিষ্যদ্বানী
করা): Nobody could
predict the outcome.
<SYN> Forecast
<NOUN> Prediction / prɪˈdɪktʃn / (প্রিডিˈকশ্ন্)
n [when you say what will happen in the future] (ভবিষৎবাণী):
The results of the experiment confirmed our predictions.
Diagnose / ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊs / (ˌডাইআˈগ্নৌছ) v [to
say exactly what illness or the cause of a problem is] (পরীক্ষা
নিরিক্ষা করে সঠিক রোগ বলা):
The test is used to diagnose a variety of diseases. The illness was diagnosed
as cancer.
<NOUN> Diagnosis / ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊsɪs / (ˌডাইআˈগ্নৌছিছ্) n [a judgment about what a particular
illness or problem is, made after examining it] (রোগনির্ণয়): We are
waiting for the doctor’s diagnosis.
<ADJ> Diagnostic / ˌdaɪəgˈnɑːstɪk
/ (ˌডাইআˈগ্নাছটিক্) adj [connected with identifying sth,
especially an illness] (রোগনির্ণয়
সম্পর্কিত): a specific condition
which is diagnostic of AIDS.
Deadly / ˈdedli / (ˈডেডলি)
adj [causing or likely to cause death](মারাত্মক; প্রানঘাতী): The Cobra is one of the world’s deadliest snakes.
<SYN> Lethal / ˈliːθl
/ (ˈলীথ্ল্);
Fatal
Survive / sərˈvaɪv / (সআরˈভাইব) v [to
continue to live or exist] (বেঁচে/
টিকে থাকা): He is the
last surviving member of the family.
Regret / rɪˈgret / (রিˈগ্রেট্) v [to
feel sorry about sth you have done or about sth that you have not been able to
do] (আক্ষেপ করা; আফসোস করা): I have had a nice life, I do not regret.
Contract / ˈkɑːntrækt / (ˈকান্ট্র্যাক্ট্) v [to get an illness] (রোগাক্রান্ত
হওয়া): He contracted venereal disease.
Pneumonia / nuːˈmoʊniə / (নূˈমৌনিআ) n [a serious illness affecting one or both lung that makes breathing difficult] (ফুসফুসপ্রদাহ):
Threatening /
ˈθretnɪŋ
/ (ˈথ্রেট্নিং)
adj [expressing a threat of harm or violence] (ভয় প্রদর্শন; আশঙ্কাজনক): threatening behavior
<SYN> Menacing / ˈmenəsɪŋ
/ (ˈমেনএছিং) adj [] (বিপদজনক)
<PHR> Life-threatening <adj> (জীবন
মৃত্যৃর মাঝে)
Terminate /
ˈtɜːrmɪneɪt /
(ˈঠাঃর্মিনেইট) v [to
end; to make sth end] (ইতি টানা;
সমাপ্ত করা): The agreement was terminated immediately.
Remain / rɪˈmeɪn / (রিˈমেইন্) v [to
be still in the same state or condition] (আবশিষ্ট/
বাকি থাকা): In spite of
their quarrel, they remain the best of friends.
Tracheotomy / ˌtreɪkiɑːtəmi / (ˌট্রেইকিআটআমি) n [a medical operation to cut a hole in sb’s trachea so that he can breathe] (শ্বাসনালীতে
অস্ত্রোচার):
<IDM> Round the
clock [=all day and night without
stopping] (দিন রাত ২৪ ঘণ্টা): round the clock nursing care.
Speech / spiːtʃ / (স্পীচ্) n [the
ability to speak] (বাকশক্তি): He seemed to have lost the power of
speech.
Initially / ɪˈnɪʃəli / (ইˈনিশআলি) adv [at
the beginning] (প্রাথমিকভাবে): The death toll was initially
reported at around 250, but was later revised to 300.
Method / ˈmeθəd / (ˈমেথআড) n [a particular way of doing sth] (পদ্ধতি): a new method of solving the problem
<IDM>To
this day [=until now] (এখন পর্যন্ত):
To this day nobody knows what happened to him.
Adapt / əˈdæpt / (এˈড্যাপ্ট্) v [to
change sth in order to make it suitable for a new use or situation] (খাপ খাওয়ানো; অভিযোজিত করা): These styles can be adapted to suit
individual tastes.
<SYN> Modify
Interpret / ɪnˈtɜːrprɪt / (ইনˈটার্প্রিট্) v [to
translate one language into another as you hear it]
(দোভাষী রুপে কাজ করা): We had to ask our guide to interpret for us.
<NOUN> Interpreter (=দোভাষী)
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Nobel Laureate Stephen
Hawking
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Accent / ˈæksent / (ˈএ্যাকছেন্ট্) v [a
way of pronouncing the words of a language that shows which country, area or
social class a person comes from] (<বিভিন্ন
অঞ্চলের ভাষার>টান): He is Asian but he speaks with an impeccable USA English accent.
<IDM> No/any
longer [=in the past but not now] (নির্দিষ্ট সময় পরে):
He will not wait any longer. She no longer lives here.
Synthesizer / ˈsɪnθəsaɪzər / (ˈছিনথআছাইজআর) n [an
electronic keyboard instrument which can reproduce and combine a large range of
recorded sounds, often in order to copy other musical instruments or voices] ()
Section / ˈsekʃn / (ˈছেকশ্ন্) n [a separate part of a document, book, etc.] (পর্ব; খণ্ড; ভাগ)
: These issues will be discussed more fully in the next section.
<IDM> In/with
regard to sb/sth [=concerning sb/sth] (সম্পর্কে; বিষয়ে):
The company’s position with regard to overtime is made clear in their
contracts.
Optimistic / ˌɑːptɪˈmɪstɪk
/ (আপটিমিছ্টিক্) adj [hopeful;
believing those good things will happen in the future]
(শুভবাদী বা আশাবাদী): He is not very optimistic about the outcome of the
talks.
<SYN> Positive
<ANT> Pessimistic (=
নিরাসাবাদী; দুঃখবাদী)
Race / reɪs / (রেইছ্) n [a
group of people who share the same language, history, culture, etc.] (জাতিগোষ্টী; জনগষ্টী): She admired Africans as hardy and determined race.
The
Human Race [=all people, considered together as a group] ( = মানব জাতি)
Puny / ˈpjuːni / (ˈফিউনি) adj [small and weak] (ক্ষুদ্র এবং
দুর্বল): The lamb was a puny little
thing.
<SYN>
Feeble
Universe / ˈjuːnivɜːrs / (ˈইউনিভা্র্স) n {the universe} [the whole of space and
everything in it, including the earth, the planets, and the stars] (বিশ্ব; মহাবিশ্ব; বিশ্বব্রহ্মান্ড): theories of how the universe began
Disabled / dɪsˈeɪbld / (ডিছˈএইল্ড্) adj [unable
to use a part of your body completely or easily because of a physical
condition, illness, injury, etc.] (অক্ষম, বিশেষ অঙ্গচালনার শক্তি থেকে বঞ্চিত): He was born disabled.
Cosmic / ˈkɑːzmɪk / (ˈকাজমিক্)
adj [connected with the whole universe] (বিশ্বব্রহ্মান্ড সম্পর্কিত; মহাজাগতিক): Do you believe in a cosmic plan?
Significance / sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns / (ছিগˈনিফিকআনছ্) n [the
importance of sth, especially when this has an effect on what happens in the
future] (মানে;
গুরুত্ব; তাৎপর্যপূর্ণ): The new drug has great significance for the treatment of the disease.
Archetype / ˈɑːrkitaɪp / (ˈআঃর্কিটাইপ্) n [the most typical or perfect example of
a particular kind of person or thing] (আদিরূপ;
মূল আদর্শ): He is the archetype
of an Asian movie star.
Challenged / ˈtʃælɪndʒd / (ˈচ্যালেঞ্জ্ড্) adj [a polite way of referring
to sb who has a disability of some sort] (প্রতিবন্ধি): a competition for physically
challenged athletes
<PHY> Physically challenged (=
শারিরীক প্রতিবন্ধি)
<PHY> Politically correct (Abbr. PC) adj [used to describe language or behavior that
deliberately tries to avoid offending particular groups of people] (রাজনৈতিক
ভাবে সঠিক)
<IDM> At
least [=not less than; more than] (কমপক্ষে; নিদানপক্ষে): It will cast at least 500$. He must be at least 50.
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